Class+Separation

**Pashtun **

 * About half of Afghanistan's population
 * Generally Sunni Muslims
 * Spoke Pashtu and Pakhtu
 * Live as nomads- didn't have very high living standards
 * Mainly worked in agriculture and trade
 * Had a code of behavior- Pashtunwali (means "doing Pashtu")
 * Important principles: hospitality, protection of guests, defense of property, and family honor and protection of female relatives
 * Have a past of dominating government
 * Taliban rule began in 1996- Talibans were mostly Pashtuns
 * Government was lead by an ethnic Pashtun, Hamid Karzai
 * Mocked the Hazaras for being descendants of the Mongols
 * Said they were foreigners and invaders

**Hazara **

 * Bottom of the social class
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Speak Hazaragi
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Islam, Shi'ite Muslims
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Make up of nearly 20% of the population
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">The Hazaras were brought to Afghanistan by Genghis Kahn from Asia. They were soldiers of Mongol.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Mostly in the central part of Afghanistan
 * [[image:http://www.joshuaproject.net/profiles/maps/m12076_af.gif width="425" height="321" caption="Hazara of Afghanistan map" link="http://www.joshuaproject.net/profiles/maps/m12076_af.pdf"]]
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Hazara people are Shi'ite Muslims who are looked down upon from the Sunni Muslims who are the Pashtuns
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">At one point in history the Hazara people were the majority of Afghanistan
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">A political battle in 1893 was lost by Hazarans
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">This lead to Fundementalist Government, including the Talilban attempting to completly eliminate the Hazaras.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Poor, most struggle for food, medicine, and a stable roof over thier heads.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">They live in small sun dried mud bricks in central Afghanistan in small communites.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Also some moved back into Kabul to work as labourers, or any jobs they can find.


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 300%;">Religious <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 200%;">﻿ <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 300%;"> Differences Between the Pashtuns and Hazaras **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Pashtuns: Islam (Sunni Muslim) **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">The Ghilzai reveal strong links between tribal affiliation and membership in the larger Islamic community. [[image:http://blog.al.com/afghanistan/2007/09/large_Pashtun%20man.JPG]]
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Many Pashtuns are prominent Ulema, Islamic scholars, such as Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan who translated the Noble Quran and Sahih Al-Bukhari and many other books to English.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Lastly, non-Muslim Pashtuns are virtually non-existent as there is limited data regarding irreligious groups and minorities.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">



<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">**Hazara: Islam (Shii'te Muslim)**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Hazara's are Islam minorities in Afghanistan.


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">DIFFERENCES AMONG THE TWO **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">The division between Shia and Sunni dates back to the death of the Prophet Muhammad, and the question of who was to take over the leadership of the Muslim nation.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Sunni Muslims agree with the position taken by many of the Prophet's companions, that the new leader should be elected from among those capable of the job.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">This is what was done, and the Prophet Muhammad's close friend and advisor, Abu Bakr, became the first Caliph of the Islamic nation. The word "Sunni" in Arabic comes from a word meaning "one who follows the traditions of the Prophet."




 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">The Shia Muslims believe that following the Prophet Muhammad's death, leadership should have passed directly to his cousin/son-in-law, Ali.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Throughout history, Shia Muslims have not recognized the authority of elected Muslim leaders, choosing instead to follow a line of Imams which they believe have been appointed by the Prophet Muhammad or God Himself.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">The word "Shia" in Arabic means a group or supportive party of people. The commonly-known term is shortened from the historical "Shia-t-Ali," or "the Party of Ali."
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">They are also known as followers of "Ahl-al-Bayt" or "People of the Household" (of the Prophet).


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 300%;">Recent Issues and Conflicts Faced by the Hazaras: **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Worst social class economically
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Hazara regions served as battlegrounds in Afghan civil war
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">"Vulnerable to attacks and frequent changes of controlling authority"
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">"targeted disproportionately by the Taliban for reprisals" because of their Shi'a faith
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">Suffered from civil war
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">"In August 1998, the Taliban massacred approximately 4,000 Hazara in Mazara-e-Sharif; this massacre was followed by another the next month when the Taliban killed another 500 Hazara in Bamiyan."
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 250%;">"Hazara areas were hard-hit by a drought in 1998-2002 (leading to a 60 percent drop in agricultural output) and have yet to recover"


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 150%;">﻿References **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Mongol Influences Over Pashtuns. Retrieved from []

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Nielson, Paula L. (January 22, 2010). Who are the Pashtun People of Afghanistan? Retrieved from http://www.suite101.com/content/who-are-the-pashtun-people-of-afghanistan-a192535

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Pashtun. Retrieved from http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5433&tmpl=printpage

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">(2011). Pashtun. Retrieved from http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Afghanistan-to-Bosnia-Herzegovina/Pashtun.html

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Wilkenfeld, J., Gurr, T., Pate, A., Michael, M., Drummond, C., Brown, J., & Jonas., A. (31 December 2006). Assessment for Hazaras in Afghanistan. Retrieved from [|http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=70001]

Team Leader: Sydney Other Members: Melissa, Aaron, and Alex